{"id":12169,"date":"2021-11-02T13:38:45","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T04:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahnsahnghong.com\/church-of-god\/origin-of-cross\/"},"modified":"2025-03-19T14:34:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T05:34:46","slug":"origin-of-cross","status":"publish","type":"church-of-god","link":"https:\/\/ahnsahnghong.com\/cs\/church-of-god\/origin-of-cross\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvod a historie k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee | Pohansk\u00fd symbol"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u0159\u00ed\u017e, kter\u00fd mnoho lid\u00ed pova\u017euje za symbol k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, je p\u016fvodn\u011b modla, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1z\u00ed z pohanstv\u00ed. Byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako symbol v\u00edry v pohansk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch dlouho p\u0159ed vznikem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, napsan\u00e9m b\u011bhem apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1znam o tom, \u017ee by byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n nebo ustanoven jako symbol c\u00edrkve. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e odm\u00edtali modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a u\u010dili, \u017ee ti, kdo uct\u00edvaj\u00ed modly, jsou nespravedliv\u00ed a nezd\u011bd\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed (1K 6,9\u201310). Jak se v\u0161ak k\u0159\u00ed\u017e v c\u00edrkvi usadil?<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee<\/h2>\n

K\u0159\u00ed\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v dne\u0161n\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00edch nen\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm symbolem, kter\u00fd se poprv\u00e9 objevil po umu\u010den\u00ed Krista, ale poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Babyl\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

\n\u201eForma k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee ze dvou d\u0159ev, kterou pou\u017e\u00edvala c\u00edrkev, poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze starov\u011bk\u00e9 Chaldeje a byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako symbol boha Tammuze (ve tvaru mystick\u00e9ho Tau, co\u017e je inici\u00e1la jeho jm\u00e9na) v t\u00e9to zemi a sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b Egypta.\u201c\nW. E. Vine, Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words (Vine\u016fv kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdkladov\u00fd slovn\u00edk slov Star\u00e9ho a Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona)<\/i>, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996, str. 138<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Chaldea byla centr\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm Babyl\u00f3nu. V Babyl\u00f3n\u011b si k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tammuze vyp\u016fj\u010dili prvn\u00ed p\u00edsmeno jeho jm\u00e9na \u201eT\u201c, a pou\u017e\u00edvali ho jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd symbol. To se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed a k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee lze nal\u00e9zt v relikvi\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako je Egypt a As\u00fdrie. I po zalo\u017een\u00ed \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e pokra\u010doval zvyk uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Historie zaveden\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee do c\u00edrkve<\/h2>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f v c\u00edrkv\u00edch za\u010dalo v dob\u011b Konstantina. Ne\u017e c\u00edsa\u0159 Konstantin uznal k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, byla c\u00edrkev pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1na \u0158\u00edmskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed<\/a>. K\u0159\u00ed\u017e byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako n\u00e1stroj k poprav\u011b svat\u00fdch. Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed bylo pro c\u00edrkev nemo\u017en\u00e9 oslavovat k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, hrozn\u00fd poprav\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, a pou\u017e\u00edt jej jako symbol k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti asi 300 let po Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i a\u017e do doby Konstantina c\u00edrkev nevzty\u010dila k\u0159\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n

\n\u201eK\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 za\u010dali ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat k\u0159\u00ed\u017e jako symbol k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a\u017e od doby Konstantina. Pro ran\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165any byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e natolik hr\u016fzn\u00fd p\u0159i pouh\u00e9 zm\u00ednce, \u017ee nehrozilo, \u017ee by jej esteticky zkr\u00e1\u0161lili.\u201c\nEverett F. Harrison, Baker\u2019s Dictionary of Theology (Baker\u016fv teologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk)<\/i>, Baker Book House, 1973<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u0161ak do\u0161lo pot\u00e9, co c\u00edsa\u0159 Konstantin uznal k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Jak byla zavedena preferen\u010dn\u00ed politika pro k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, c\u00edrkev se rychle sekularizovala a zkorumpovan\u00ed \u0159\u00edmskokatoli\u010dt\u00ed v\u016fdci p\u0159ij\u00edmali pohansk\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a symboly ve jm\u00e9nu evangelizace v\u00edce pohan\u016f. K\u0159\u00ed\u017e byl jedn\u00edm z nich. Bylo to proto, aby nov\u011b pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00fdm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1dali k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei posv\u00e1tn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, bylo p\u0159ipomenuto, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 byl na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei popraven, a tak umo\u017enili, aby byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e do c\u00edrkve vnesen a uct\u00edv\u00e1n. Krom\u011b toho, aby pomohli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed uct\u00edvali ciz\u00ed bohyn\u011b, byla Marie, matka Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bna a svat\u00ed a mu\u010dedn\u00edci byli uct\u00edv\u00e1ni m\u00edsto r\u016fzn\u00fdch ciz\u00edch boh\u016f.<\/p>\n

Postupem \u010dasu takto zaveden\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 ideje a symboly zaujaly v c\u00edrkvi pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed uv\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jsou n\u00e1stroji ke slu\u017eb\u011b Bohu nebo symboly k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry. Kolem roku 431 byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e zaveden do interi\u00e9ru kostel\u016f a pozd\u011bji byl tak\u00e9 vzty\u010den na vrcholu v\u011b\u017e\u00ed kostel\u016f.<\/p>\n

\n\u201eK\u0159\u00ed\u017e byl zaveden do kostel\u016f a s\u00edn\u00ed kolem roku 431 a byl vzty\u010den na v\u011b\u017e\u00edch kolem roku 568.\u201c\nHarper\u2019s Book of Facts (Harperova kniha fakt\u016f)<\/i>, Harper & Brothers, 1895<\/small><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee je modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/h2>\n

K\u0159\u00ed\u017e jako takov\u00fd nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s v\u00edrou apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku a je modlou zavedenou pozd\u011bji v procesu sekularizace a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pohansk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f v c\u00edrkvi.<\/p>\n

\n\u201eNezobraz\u00ed\u0161 si Boha zpodoben\u00edm ni\u010deho (Nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej si modly: B21), co je naho\u0159e na nebi, dole na zemi nebo ve vod\u00e1ch pod zem\u00ed. Nebude\u0161 se ni\u010demu takov\u00e9mu klan\u011bt ani tomu slou\u017eit. …\u201c\nEx 20,4\u20135<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm druh\u00e9ho z deseti p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed B\u016fh d\u016frazn\u011b zak\u00e1zal sv\u00e9mu lidu vyr\u00e1b\u011bt modly nebo jim slou\u017eit. B\u016fh n\u00e1m \u0159ekl, abychom ned\u011blali modly pro jin\u00e9 bohy nebo k tomu, abychom slou\u017eili Bohu (Ex 20,23). Bible jasn\u011b dosv\u011bd\u010duje, \u017ee zhotoven\u00ed a vzty\u010den\u00ed modly je \u010dinem nen\u00e1visti v\u016f\u010di Bohu a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed proklet\u00ed (Dt 27,15).<\/p>\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto varov\u00e1n\u00edm Izraelit\u00e9 v dob\u011b Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona p\u0159ijali modly Baala a A\u0161ery, kter\u00e9 uct\u00edvali okoln\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, a po vstupu do Kana\u00e1nu je spojili se svou v\u00edrou. I kdy\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159eli a uct\u00edvali r\u016fzn\u00e9 modly, v\u017edy to racionalizovali jako akt uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Boha. V d\u016fsledku toho byli Bohem prokleti a zni\u010deni (Jr 2,27\u201328).<\/p>\n

C\u00edrkve dnes tak\u00e9 opakuj\u00ed tento po\u0161etil\u00fd \u010din. P\u0159ijet\u00ed a vzty\u010den\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, symbolu pohanstv\u00ed, jako symbolu k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed je samo o sob\u011b poru\u0161en\u00edm Bo\u017e\u00edho p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed nevytv\u00e1\u0159et si obrazy a neslou\u017eit jim. Nav\u00edc, i kdy\u017e trv\u00e1te na tom, \u017ee k\u0159\u00ed\u017e je pouze symbolem c\u00edrkve, nem\u016f\u017eete lidem zabr\u00e1nit, aby k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei p\u0159ikl\u00e1dali zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Proroctv\u00ed o uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Izraele<\/h2>\n

Izraelit\u00e9 uct\u00edvali bronzov\u00e9ho hada<\/h3>\n

B\u016fh v minulosti prorokoval o uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v c\u00edrkvi. Na cest\u011b v pou\u0161ti z Egypta do Kana\u00e1nu si Izraelit\u00e9 st\u011b\u017eovali Bohu. V d\u016fsledku toho bylo mnoho lid\u00ed u\u0161tknuto ohniv\u00fdmi hady a zem\u0159elo (Nu 21,4\u20136). Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b \u010dinili pok\u00e1n\u00ed a modlili se za z\u00e1chranu, B\u016fh jim uk\u00e1zal zp\u016fsob, jak se mohou zachr\u00e1nit ti, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u00edrali po u\u0161tknut\u00ed ohniv\u00fdmi hady.<\/p>\n

\nHospodin Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi \u0159ekl: \u201eUd\u011blej si hada Ohnivce a p\u0159ipevni ho na \u017eer\u010f. Kdy\u017e se na n\u011bj kter\u00fdkoli u\u0161tknut\u00fd pod\u00edv\u00e1, z\u016fstane na\u017eivu.\u201c Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 tedy ud\u011blal bronzov\u00e9ho hada a p\u0159ipevnil ho na \u017eer\u010f. Jestli\u017ee n\u011bkoho u\u0161tkl had a on pohl\u00e9dl na hada bronzov\u00e9ho, z\u016fstal na\u017eivu.\nNu 21,8\u20139<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Stala se \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 v\u011bc, kde kdokoli mohl \u017e\u00edt pouh\u00fdm pohledem na bronzov\u00e9ho hada vis\u00edc\u00edm na ty\u010di. Bylo to mo\u017en\u00e9 ne proto, \u017ee by bronzov\u00fd had s\u00e1m m\u011bl moc, ale proto, \u017ee B\u016fh \u0159ekl: \u201eKdy\u017e se na n\u011bj kter\u00fdkoli u\u0161tknut\u00fd pod\u00edv\u00e1, z\u016fstane na\u017eivu.\u201c Postupem \u010dasu si v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 mysleli, \u017ee je zachr\u00e1nil bronzov\u00fd had, a uct\u00edvali bronzov\u00e9ho hada a\u017e do doby Chizkij\u00e1\u0161e.<\/p>\n

\n\u010cinil to, co je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v Hospodinov\u00fdch o\u010d\u00edch, zcela jak to \u010dinil jeho otec David. Odstranil posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed, rozbil posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 sloupy, sk\u00e1cel posv\u00e1tn\u00fd k\u016fl, na kusy roztloukl bronzov\u00e9ho hada, kter\u00e9ho ud\u011blal Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 a jemu\u017e a\u017e do on\u011bch dn\u016f Izraelci p\u00e1lili kadidlo; nazvali jej Nechu\u0161t\u00e1n.\n2Kr 18,3\u20134<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Chizkij\u00e1\u0161, kter\u00fd zni\u010dil modly pot\u00e9, co slavil Paschu<\/a>, tak\u00e9 zni\u010dil bronzov\u00e9ho hada a nazval ho \u201eNechu\u0161t\u00e1n\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 kus bronzu. D\u00edky tomu si lid\u00e9 uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee bronzov\u00fd had je jen modla, oby\u010dejn\u00fd kus bronzu.<\/p>\n

C\u00edrkve, kter\u00e9 uct\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/h3>\n

Tato historie byla proroctv\u00edm o d\u00edle spasen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 v budoucnu vykon\u00e1 na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei.<\/p>\n

\n\u201eJako Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vyv\u00fd\u0161il hada na pou\u0161ti, tak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyv\u00fd\u0161en Syn \u010dlov\u011bka, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v n\u011bho v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, m\u011bl \u017eivot v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd.\u201c\nJ 3,14\u201315<\/small>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u0159ekl, \u017ee jako Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vyv\u00fd\u0161il bronzov\u00e9ho hada na pou\u0161ti, tak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyv\u00fd\u0161en i on. Historie Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00fd dr\u017eel bronzov\u00e9ho hada, byla proroctv\u00ed, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 bude vyv\u00fd\u0161en na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Stejn\u011b jako byli um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 spaseni, kdy\u017e vid\u011bli bronzov\u00e9ho hada, bylo lidstvo spaseno Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovou ob\u011bt\u00ed na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Nebyla to moc samotn\u00e9ho bronzov\u00e9ho hada, kter\u00e1 zachr\u00e1nila Izraelity ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, ale lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali viditeln\u00e9ho bronzov\u00e9ho hada a zapom\u00ednali na moc Bo\u017e\u00edho slova. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro dne\u0161n\u00ed c\u00edrkve. Sp\u00e1sy lidstva je dosa\u017eeno skrze krev Kristovy ob\u011bti prolit\u00e9 na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei (Ef 1,7; 1P(t) 1,18\u201319), ale k\u0159\u00ed\u017e s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nezaji\u0161\u0165uje sp\u00e1su ani odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch\u016f<\/a>. P\u0159esto mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Boha, uct\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e a zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na Kristovu ob\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e1 zachr\u00e1nila lidstvo.<\/p>\n

B\u016fh Chizkij\u00e1\u0161ovi velmi po\u017eehnal, chv\u00e1lil ho za to, \u017ee p\u0159eru\u0161il d\u00e1vn\u00fd izraelsk\u00fd zvyk modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a nazval ho mu\u017eem, kter\u00fd se \u201ep\u0159imkl k Hospodinu a dbal na jeho p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, jak je Hospodin vydal Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi\u201c (2Kr 18,6\u20137). I v t\u00e9to dob\u011b ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekonaj\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, co\u017e je pouh\u00e9 modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, a v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost podstat\u011b sp\u00e1sy, Kristov\u011b ob\u011bti a hodnot\u011b nov\u00e9 smlouvy z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 touto ob\u011bt\u00ed, obdr\u017e\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed spasen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"K\u0159\u00ed\u017e, kter\u00fd mnoho lid\u00ed pova\u017euje za symbol k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, je p\u016fvodn\u011b modla, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1z\u00ed z pohanstv\u00ed. Byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako symbol v\u00edry v pohansk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch dlouho p\u0159ed vznikem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. V Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b, napsan\u00e9m b\u011bhem apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1znam o tom, \u017ee by byl k\u0159\u00ed\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n nebo ustanoven jako symbol c\u00edrkve. Apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e odm\u00edtali modl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a u\u010dili,…","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":12170,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"post-type\/overlay-half-dark.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[684,682],"tags":[724],"class_list":["post-12169","church-of-god","type-church-of-god","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dark-ages","category-church-of-god","tag-dark-ages"],"yoast_head":"\nP\u016fvod a historie k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee | Pohansk\u00fd symbol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u016fvod k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee lze nal\u00e9zt v uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Tammuze ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Babyl\u00f3nu. 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